Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive, often fatal astrocyte-derived tumor of the central nervous system. Conventional medical and surgical interventions have greatly improved survival rates; however, tumor heterogeneity, invasiveness, and chemotherapeutic resistance continue to pose clinical challenges. As such, dietary natural substances-an integral component of the lifestyle medicine approach to chronic diseases-are examined as potential chemotherapeutic agents. These heterogenous substances exert anti-GBM effects by upregulating apoptosis and autophagy, inducing cell cycle arrest, interfering with tumor metabolism, and inhibiting proliferation, neuroinflammation, chemoresistance, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Although these beneficial effects are promising, natural substances' efficacy in GBM is constrained by their bioavailability and blood-brain barrier permeability; various chemical formulations are proposed to improve their pharmacological properties. Many of the reviewed substances are available as over-the-counter dietary supplements, underscoring their viability as lifestyle interventions. However, clinical trials remain necessary to substantiate the in vitro and in vivo properties of natural substances.

Makaleyi görüntüle

Cancer incidence rates are on the increase worldwide. The most common brain cancer in adults is glioblastoma. Currently available treatment modalities are limited and natural products such as mushrooms could enhance them. Apart from nutritional value, mushrooms are an excellent source of bioactive compounds and therefore could be used to treat various disorders. The aim of the study was to assess the anti-glioma potential of selected mushrooms on U87MG, LN-18 glioblastoma and SVGp12 normal human astroglial cell lines. The materials were Cantharellus cibarius, Coprinus comatus, Lycoperdon perlatum and Lactarius delicious. Aqueous, 70 % ethanol or 95 % ethanol extracts from mushrooms were used for analysis including assessment of antioxidant activity by DPPH assay, cell viability by MTT assay, DNA biosynthesis by thymidine incorporation assay, activity of metalloproteinase by gelatin zymography and cell cycle assay by flow cytometry. Mushroom extracts influenced the viability and DNA biosynthesis of cancer cells. Activity of ethanol mushroom extracts was stronger than that of aqueous extracts. Anti-glioma mechanism consisted in inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis associated with arrest of cells in subG1 or G2/M phase of cell cycle, and inhibition of metalloproteinases activity. Among investigated mushrooms, L. deliciosus and C. comatus showed the greatest anti-glioma potential.

Makaleyi görüntüle

Wild edible mushrooms Boletus edulis and Xerocomus badius were prepared for consumption by braising with 10 % canola oil (half of the batch was blanched prior to braising). Fresh X.badius had comparable to B.edulis amounts of proximate components and higher levels of most B-group vitamins and antioxidants. Analyzed mushrooms prepared for consumption fulfilled 7-14 % RDA of vitamin B1 for healthy adults and 15-35, 18-37 and 1 % RDA of B2, B3 and B3 respectively. Prepared for consumption mushrooms were rich in antioxidants containing in 100 g dry weight 164,601 mg total polyphenols, 19-87 mg total flavonoids, 22.1-27.4 mg L-ascorbic acid, 0.531-1.031 mg β-carotene, 0.325-0.456 mg lycopene and 38.64-44.49 mg total tocopherols and presented high antioxidant activity against ABTS (4.9-36.5 mmol TE), against DPPH (7.8-21.3 mmol TE) and in FRAP assay (15.0-28.1 mmol Fe(2+)). Mushrooms prepared for consumption with blanching prior to culinary treatment showed lower antioxidant properties and vitamin content in comparison to mushrooms braised raw.

Makaleyi görüntüle

The antioxidative activity of the methanol extracts obtained from twelve commonly consumed wild edible mushrooms was investigated according to the phosphomolybdenum method, inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation, reducing power, metal chelating, O(2)(˙-), DPPH(˙), peroxide and H(2)O(2) scavenging activity in the Black Sea Region of Turky, and compared to standard antioxidant compounds such as a-tocopherol, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and trolox. Total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, β-carotene and lycopene in the extracts were measured. The antimicrobial activities of extracts were also evalated against gram (-) and (+) bacteria and yeast with disc diffusion method. Hydnum repandum, Lactarius delicious, Lactarius camphoratus, Lactarius piperatus, Ramaria flava, and Agaricus bisporus were greater than α-tocopherol and BHT on antioxidant activity. The lipid peroxidation of L. camphoratus and Lactarius volemus was excellent, and was 58.05% and 61.44% respectively. The DPPH(˙) scavenging effects decreased in the order of R. flava>BHT> Macrolepiota procera>L. camphoratus>L. piperatus>Lactarius volemus>a-tocopherol and were, at 500 µg/ml and were 80.38, 76.61, 69.74, 61.55, 61.47, 61.09, 60.65%, respectively. All the extracts of mushroom also had the stronger chelating effect according to standards. The O(2)(˙-) scavenging effect of extracts of the mushroom species was in order of R. flava>Boletus edulis>Leatiporus sulphureus>M. procera>standards. L. piperatus, L. camphorates, L. volemus, A. bisporus, Chanterellus cibarius, L. sulphureus, H. repandum showed strong antimicrobial activity, especially on E. coli. H. repandum exhibited to be more effective on P. aeruginosa than other bacterial strains.

Makaleyi görüntüle

Copper and zinc contents have been determined in up to 28 species of edible mushrooms from different sites in the province of Lugo (NW Spain). Two hundred thirty-eight collected samples were analyzed by an anodic stripping voltammetric technique using a drop mercury as the working electrode. The results showed that the element concentrations were species-dependent, and the highest metal levels corresponded to the following species: Calvatia utriformis (235.5 mg Cu/kg), Macrolepiota procera (217.8 mg Cu/kg), and Agaricus macrosporus (217.7 mg Cu/kg) and Calvatia utriformis (265.8 mg Zn/kg), Lactarius delicious (231.0 mg Zn/kg), and Agaricus macrosporus (221.3 mg Zn/kg) for Cu and Zn, respectively. All mushroom species bioaccumulated copper and zinc. Nevertheless, some individual samples of the species, such as Hydnum repandum, Cantharellus cibarius, and Coprinus comatus, were bioexclusors (BCF < 1). The hymenophore in mushrooms showed higher mean metal levels than the rest of the fruit bodies, with statistically significant differences. The copper and zinc concentrations were compared to literature data and levels set by legislation. It can be concluded that the consumption of these mushrooms cannot be considered a toxicological risk, and they provide an important nutritional requirement to the diet.

Makaleyi görüntüle